All you have to do, is configure the Vera plug-in and build either a Serial or Ethernet gateway using the instructions below. First, download the latest Vera plugin files from the MySensors Git Repo for UI5 or Git Repo for UI7. Then upload the files to your Vera. Go to: APPS Develop Apps Luup files. E-Gift Card Only redeemable at verabradley.com, Vera Bradley Stores and Vera Bradley Outlet Stores.
The VESA Local Bus (usually abbreviated to VL-Bus or VLB) was a short-lived expansion bus introduced during the i486 generation of x86 IBM compatible personal computers. Created by VESA (Video Electronics Standards Association) the VESA Local Bus worked alongside the then dominant ISA bus to provide a standardized high-speed conduit intended primarily to accelerate video (graphics) operations. VLB provided a standardized 'fast path' that add-in (video) card makers could tap for greatly accelerated memory-mapped I/O and DMA, while still using the familiar ISA bus to handle basic device duties such as interrupts and port-mapped I/O.
Historical overview[edit]
An ATI MACH64 SVGA VLB graphics card
In the early 1990s, the I/O bandwidth of the prevailing ISA bus had become a critical bottleneck to PC video and graphics performance. The need for faster graphics was driven by increased adoption of graphical user interfaces in PC operating systems. While IBM did produce a viable successor to ISA with the Micro Channel Architecture, it failed in the market due to IBM's requirement to license and payment of licensing fees by hardware manufacturers to use it. While an extension of the royalty free ISA bus in the form of EISA open standard was developed to counter MCA, it was unable to offer enough improvement over ISA to meet the dramatic increase in bandwidth desired for graphics.
Thus for a short time, a market opening occurred where video card manufacturers and motherboard chipset makers created their own proprietary implementations of local buses to provide graphics cards direct access to the processor and system memory. This avoided the limitations of the ISA bus while being less costly than a 'licensed IBM MCA machine.' It is important to note that at the time a migration to an MCA architecture machine from an ISA one was not insubstantial. MCA machines generally did not offer ISA slots, thus a migration to MCA architecture meant that any prior investment in ISA cards was made unusable. Additionally makers of MCA compatible cards were subject to IBM's licensing fees, which combined with MCA's greater technical requirements and expense to implement (which in itself is not bad - MCA required peripheral cards to not just be 'passive' members and made cards active participants in increasing system performance) it did have the effect of making an MCA version of a peripheral card significantly more expensive than its ISA counterpart.
So while these ad-hoc manufacturer-specific solutions where effective - they were not standardized, and there were no provisions for providing interoperability. This drew the attention of the VESA consortium and resulted in a proposal for a voluntary and royalty free Local Bus standard in 1992.[2] An additional benefit from this standardization (beyond the primary goal of greater graphics card performance)was that other devices could also be designed to utilize the performance offered from VLB; notably mass storage controllers were offered for VLB providing increased hard disk performance.
Implementation[edit]
A 'VLB slot' itself was simply an additionaledge connector placed in-line with the traditional ISA or EISA connector, with this extended portion often colored a distinctive brown. The result was a normal ISA or EISA slot being additionally capable of accepting VLB-compatible cards. Traditional ISA cards remained compatible as they would not have pins past the normal ISA or EISA portion of the slot. The reverse was also true â VLB cards were by necessity quite long in order to reach the VLB connector, and were reminiscent of older full-length expansion cards from the earlier IBM XT era. The VLB portion of a slot looked similar to an IBM MCA slot, as indeed it was the same physical 116-pin connector used by MCA cards, rotated by 180 degrees. The IBM MCA standard had not been as popular as IBM expected and there was an ample surplus of the connector, making it inexpensive and readily available.[1]
Limitations[edit]
Computer motherboard with 7 ISA slots of various feature levels. Six are 16-bit ISA (longer - with middle black sections), three additionally have a VLB slot (leftmost brown sections). A card installed in this board would have its mounting bracket on the right, which normally would be the 'back' of the computer case.
The VESA Local Bus was designed as a stopgap solution to the problem of the ISA bus's limited bandwidth. As such, one requirement for VLB to gain industry adoption was that it had to be a minimal burden for manufactures to implement, in terms of board re-design and component costs; otherwise, manufacturers would not have been convinced to change from their own proprietary solutions. As VLB fundamentally tied a card directly to the 486 processor bus with minimal intermediary logic (reducing logic design and component costs), timing and arbitration duties were strongly dependent on the cards and CPU.[1]
This simplicity of VLB unfortunately created several factors that served to limit its useful life substantially:
Legacy[edit]
Despite these problems, the VESA Local Bus became very commonplace on later 486 motherboards, with a majority of later (post-1992) 486-based systems featuring a VESA Local Bus video card. VLB importantly offered a less costly high speed interface for consumer systems, as only by 1994 was PCI commonly available outside of the server market via the Pentium and Intel's chipsets. PCI finally displaced the VESA Local Bus (and also EISA) in the last years of the 486 market, with the last generation of 80486 motherboards featuring PCI slots in lieu of VLB capable ISA slots. However a few manufacturers did develop and offer 'VIP' (VESA/ISA/PCI) motherboards with all three slot types.
Epson C82305 Serial Interface CardTechnical data[edit]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
This article is based on material taken from the Free On-line Dictionary of Computing prior to 1 November 2008 and incorporated under the 'relicensing' terms of the GFDL, version 1.3 or later.
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=VESA_Local_Bus&oldid=913167166'
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The leaves of Aloe vera are succulent, erect, and form a dense rosette. Many uses are made of the gel obtained from the plant's leaves.
Aloe vera has been the subject of much scientific study over the last few years, regarding several claimed therapeutic properties. In this article, we will look at some of these claims and investigate the research behind them.
What is Aloe vera?Aloe vera gel has many medicinal properties and is often used in creams and lotions.
According to Kew Gardens, England's royal botanical center of excellence, Aloe vera has been used for centuries and is currently more popular than ever.
It is cultivated worldwide, primarily as a crop for 'Aloe gel,' which comes from the leaf.
Aloe vera is widely used today in:
The earliest record of a human use for Aloe vera comes from the Ebers Papyrus (an Egyptian medical record) from the16th century BC. According to a study published in the Indian Journal of Dermatology, in ancient Egypt, they called Aloe vera 'that plant of immortality.' The authors added that the plant has been used therapeutically for many centuries in China, Japan, India, Greece, Egypt, Mexico, and Japan.
Benefits
The medicinal claims made about Aloe vera, as with many herbs and plants, are endless. Some are backed by rigorous scientific studies while others are not. This article focuses mainly on those that are backed by research.
1. Teeth and gums
A study published in General Dentistry reported that Aloe vera in tooth gels is as effective as toothpaste in fighting cavities.
The researchers compared the germ-fighting ability of an Aloe vera tooth gel with two popular toothpastes. They found that the gel was just as good, and in some cases even better than the commercial toothpastes at controlling cavity-causing oral bacteria.
The authors explain that Aloe latex contains anthraquinones, compounds that actively heal and reduce pain through natural anti-inflammatory effects.
The scientists warned that not all gels they analyzed contained the proper form of Aloe vera - they must contain the stabilized gel that exists in the center of the plant to be effective.
2. Constipation
Germany's regulatory agency for herbs - Commission E - approved the use of Aloe vera for the treatment of constipation. Dosages of 50-200 milligrams of Aloe latex are commonly taken in liquid or capsule form once daily for up to 10 days.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ruled in 2002 that there is not enough data on the safety and efficacy of Aloe products; so, in the U.S., they cannot be sold to treat constipation.
3. Diabetes-induced foot ulcers
A study carried out at the Sinhgad College of Pharmacy, India, and published in the International Wound Journal looked at Aloe's ability to treat ulcers.
They reported that a 'gel formed with carbopol 974p (1 percent) and Aloe vera promotes significant wound healing and closure in diabetic rats compared with the commercial product and provides a promising product to be used in diabetes-induced foot ulcers.'
4. Antioxidant and possible antimicrobial propertiesAloe vera may be used on skin conditions or superficial cuts for its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties.
Researchers at the University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain, published a study in the journal Molecules.
The team set out to determine whether the methanol extract of leaf skins and flowers of Aloe vera might have beneficial effects on human health. The scientists focused on the extract's possible antioxidant and antimycoplasmic activities.
Mycoplasma is a type of bacteria that lack a cell wall; they are unaffected by many common antibiotics. Antimycoplasmic substances destroy these bacteria.
They reported that both Aloe vera flower and leaf extracts had antioxidant properties, especially the leaf skin extract. The leaf skin extract also exhibited antimycoplasmic properties.
The authors concluded that 'A. Vera extracts from leaf skin and flowers can be considered as good natural antioxidant sources.'
5. Protection from ultraviolet (UV) irradiation
Scientists at Kyung Hee University Global Campus, South Korea, wanted to determine whether baby Aloe shoot extract and adult Aloe shoot extract might have a protective effect on UVB-induced skin photoaging; in other words, whether they could protect the skin from the aging effects of sunlight.
Baby Aloe shoot extract (BAE) comes from 1-month old shoots while adult Aloe shoot extract (AE) comes from 4-month old shoots.
In an article published in Phytotherapy Research, the authors concluded: 'Our results suggest that BAE may potentially protect the skin from UVB-induced damage more than AE.'
6. Protection from skin damage after radiation therapy
A study carried out at the University of Naples, Italy, tested five different topical creams to see how effective they might be in protecting the skin of breast cancer patients receiving radiation therapy. One of these creams contained Aloe.
They divided 100 patients into five groups of 20; each was prescribed a different topical treatment. They applied the creams twice daily, starting 15 days before radiation therapy treatment, and carried on for 1 month afterward.
During the 6-week period, the participants underwent weekly skin assessments.
In the journal Radiation Oncology, the scientists reported that the preventive use of the topical hydrating creams reduced the incidence of skin side effects in the women treated with radiation therapy for breast cancer, none performed significantly better.
'All moisturizing creams used in this study were equally valid in the treatment of skin damage induced by radiotherapy.'
7. Depression, learning, and memory - an animal experiment
A study published in Nutritional Neuroscience found that Aloe verareduced depression and improved memory in mice.
After carrying out experiments on laboratory mice, they concluded: 'Aloe vera enhances learning and memory, and also alleviates depression in mice.'
Further studies are needed to establish whether humans might also receive the same benefits.
8. Wounds from second-degree burns
A team of plastic surgeons compared Aloe vera gel to 1 percent silver sulphadiazine cream for the treatment of second-degree burn wounds.
They reported in the Journal of Pakistan Medical Association that the burn wounds among the patients treated with Aloe vera healed significantly quicker compared with those treated with 1 percent silver sulfadiazine (SSD).
The researchers added that those in the Aloe vera group experienced significantly more and earlier pain relief than those in the SSD group.
The authors wrote: 'Thermal burns patients dressed with Aloe vera gel showed advantage compared to those dressed with SSD regarding early wound epithelialization, earlier pain relief, and cost-effectiveness.'
9. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
A randomized, double-blind human trial carried out at St. George's Hospital Medical School, London, United Kingdom investigated Aloe and IBS. Their results were published in the International Journal of Clinical Practice. Participants with IBS were given either Aloe vera or a placebo. After 3 months, there were no significant differences in symptoms of diarrhea.
However, the researchers wrote:
'There was no evidence that AV [Aloe vera] benefits patients with IBS. However, we could not rule out the possibility that improvement occurred in patients with diarrhea or alternating IBS whilst taking AV. Further investigations are warranted in patients with diarrhea predominant IBS, in a less complex group of patients.'
ResearchResearch into the potential health benefits of Aloe vera is ongoing.
Most global health authorities say that many of the dozens of therapeutic benefits associated with Aloe vera require further scientific evidence. This does not mean the claims are necessarily inaccurate.
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According to the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) in the U.S., part of the National Institutes of Health, Aloe latex contains strong laxative compounds.
Products containing aloin, aloe-emodin, and barbaloin (components of Aloe) were once regulated by the FDA as oral OTC laxatives. In 2002, the FDA required that all OTC Aloe laxatives be removed from the market or reformulated because of a lack of safety data.
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However, the use of topical Aloe vera is likely to be safe. If you choose to use it, do an allergy test (apply a small circle on the skin and wait 24 hours) before using it more widely on your body.
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Some studies have shown that topical Aloe gel may help in abrasions and burns. However, the NCCAM wrote: 'There is not enough scientific evidence to support Aloe vera for any of its other uses.'
There is a selection of aloe vera products available to purchase online.
We picked linked items based on the quality of products, and list the pros and cons of each to help you determine which will work best for you. We partner with some of the companies that sell these products, which means Healthline UK and our partners may receive a portion of revenues if you make a purchase using a link(s) above.
Related coverage
Article last updated by Tim Newman on Wed 13 September 2017.
Visit our Complementary Medicine / Alternative Medicine category page for the latest news on this subject, or sign up to our newsletter to receive the latest updates on Complementary Medicine / Alternative Medicine. All references are available in the References tab. Vera Serial Interface Card Game
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Aloe Vera. (2016, November 29). Retrieved from https://nccih.nih.gov/health/aloevera#science
Aloe vera (aloe vera). (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.kew.org/science-conservation/plants-fungi/aloe-vera-aloe-vera
Davis, K., Philpott, S., Kumar, D., & Mendall, M. (2006, June 2). Randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial of aloe vera for irritable bowel syndrome. International Journal of Clinical Practice, 60(9). Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1742-1241.2006.00980.x/abstract
Di Franco, R., Sammarco, E., Calvanese, M. G., De Natale, F., Falivene, S., DiLecce A... Ravo, V. (2013, March 12). Preventing the acute skin side effects in patients treated with radiotherapy for breast cancer: The use of corneometry in order to evaluate the protective effect of moisturizing creams. Radiation Oncology 2013(8), 57. Retrieved from http://ro-journal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1748-717X-8-57
EurekAlert, (2009, July 17). Healing power of aloe vera proves beneficial for teeth and gums, too. [Press Release]. Retrieved from https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2009-07/aogd-hpo071709.php
Halder S., Mehta A. K., & Mediratta P. K. (2013, November). Aloe vera improves memory and reduces depression in mice. Nutritional Neuroscience, 16(6), 250-4. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23394255
Hotkar, M. S., Avachat, A. M., Bhosale, S. S., & Oswal, Y. M. (2013, June 3). Preliminary investigation of topical nitroglycerin formulations containing natural wound healing agent in diabetes-induced foot ulcer. International Wound Journal 12(2). Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/iwj.12084/abstract Hwang, E., Kim, S. H., Lee, S., Lee, C. H., Do, S-G., Kim, J., & Kim, S. Y. (2013, March 15). A comparative study of baby immature and adult shoots of Aloe vera on UVB-induced skin photoaging in vitro. Phytotherapy Research, 27(12). Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ptr.4943/abstract
López A., Suárez de Tangil, M., Vega-Orellana, O., RamÃrez, A. S., & Rico, M. (2013, April 26). Phenolic constituents, antioxidant and preliminary antimycoplasmic activities of leaf skin and flowers of Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. (syn. A. barbadensis Mill.) from the Canary Islands (Spain). Molecules, 18(5), 4942-4954. Retrieved from http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/18/5/4942
Shahzad, M. N., & Ahmed, N. (2013, February). Effectiveness of Aloe Vera Gel compared with 1 percent silver sulphadiazine cream as burn wound dressing in second degree burns. Journal of Pakistan Medical Association. Retrieved from http://www.jpma.org.pk/full_article_text.php?article_id=4001
Surjushe, A., Vasani, R., & Saple. D. G. (2008). Aloe vera: A short review. Indian Journal of Dermatology, 53(4), 163â166. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2763764/
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Nordqvist, C. (2017, September 13). 'Nine health benefits and medical uses of Aloe vera.' Medical News Today. Retrieved from https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/265800.php.
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